注意：本文是對Professor Marie desJardins的文章“How to Be a Good Graduate Student”的翻譯。已經得到Professor Marie desJardins的翻譯授權。如果轉載，請注明本文的出處，及原作者的姓名。如要用于商業目的，請與原作者Marie desJardins聯系。
Note: This is a translation of “How to Be a Good Graduate Student”, by Professor Marie desJardins. Ihave been permitted to translate this article into Chinese from Professor Marie desJardins. If you want to quote this article, please associate the original author Professor Marie desJardins with. If you want to use it for commercial purpose, please contact Professor Marie desJardins.
這篇文章是我讀過的最好的
研究生工作指導，我將它翻譯成中文，希望我們的研究生也能讀到，并有所收獲。本文有很多小節，因為我時間有限，我會從我認為最有幫助的小節開始翻譯。如果大家認為不錯，我會繼續翻譯。我的英語水平有限，請英語好的朋友直接看英文原文，也希望大家對翻譯不足的地方給與指導，我會及時更正。
This is the best guidance to Graduate Student I’ve ever read. I translate it into Chinese with hope that our graduate students in China could also take advantage from it. This whole article contains many sections. However, I’m not a professional interpreter. I will start from the most useful and helpful sections (at least I believe they are). If you also deem it an excellent article, I will continue translate the rest. As my English, as well as my Chinese, limited, please read the original English version directly if you can. If you find some errors in my translation, let me know. I will revise it as soon as possible.
The position of this section within the whole article. (Marked in RED)
這個小節在整個文章中的位置(紅色標記)。
1. Introduction
2. Before You Start
3. Doing Research
1. The Daily Grind
2. Staying Motivated
3. Getting to the Thesis
1. Finding an Advisor
2. Finding a Thesis Topic
3. Writing the Thesis
4. Getting Feedback
5. Getting Financial Support
4. Advice for Advisors
1. Interacting With Students
5. Becoming Part of the Research Community
1. Attending Conferences
2. Publishing Papers
3. Networking
6. All Work and No Play...
7. Issues for Women
8. Conclusions
9. Bibliography
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Staying Motivated
保持斗志At times, particularly in the ``middle years,'' it can be very hard to maintain a positive attitude and stay motivated. Many graduate students suffer from insecurity, anxiety, and even boredom. First of all, realize that these are normal feelings. Try to find a sympathetic ear -- another graduate student, your advisor, or a friend outside of school. Next, try to identify why you're having trouble and identify concrete steps that you can take to improve the situation. To stay focused and motivated, it often helps to have organized activities to force you to manage your time and to do something every day. Setting up regular meetings with your advisor, attending seminars, or even extracurricular activities such as sports or music can help you to maintain a regular schedule.
有時，尤其是在研究生“中期”，似乎覺得很難保持積極向上的斗志。這時，許多研究生都缺乏安全感，倍感焦慮甚至覺得
科研無趣。首先，要知道這是一種很正常的感覺。試著找個人聊聊，其他研究生，你的導師，或者校外的朋友。之后，試著找出原因，制定一個切實可行的計劃走出困境。想要集中精力保持斗志，制定“每日必做”之類的時間表非常有益，這能幫助你更好的管理時間。比如，定期與導師討論問題，定期參加學術研討會，甚至定期參加課余活動，運動，音樂都能幫助你形成規律的日常活動。
Chapman (see [chapman]) enumerates a number of ``immobilizing shoulds'' that can make you feel so guilty and unworthy that you stop making progress. Telling yourself that you *should* have a great topic, that you *should* finish in $n$ years, that you *should* work 4, or 8, or 12 hours a day isn't helpful for most people. Be realistic about what you can accomplish, and try to concentrate on giving yourself positive feedback for tasks you do complete, instead of negative feedback for those you don't.
Chapman列舉了一些列“雷打不動的事”能讓你為自己的沒有進展感到內疚和不值。很多人告訴自己，一定要選一個不錯的課題，一定要在“N”年內完成，或者每天一定要工作4,8還是12小時，對于大多數人，這些都不起作用。面對自己真正能完成什么要切合實際，完成了某些任務，要努力多給自己一些正反饋，而不是因為沒有完成什么而給自己負反饋。
Setting daily, weekly, and monthly goals is a good idea, and works even better if you use a ``buddy system'' where you and another student meet at regular intervals to review your progress. Try to find people to work with: doing research is much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off of and to give you feedback.
設置每日，每周，每月目標是個不錯的主意，要是能跟大伙兒一起做就更好了，和其他學生定期聚在一起，回顧一下大伙兒的進展。找些科研伙伴，如果有人回應你的想法，給你一些反饋，搞科研就會容易許多啦。
Breaking down any project into smaller pieces is always a good tactic when things seem unmanageable. At the highest level, doing a master's project before diving into a Ph.D. dissertation is generally a good idea (and is mandatory at some schools). A master's gives you a chance to learn more about an area, do a smaller research project, and establish working relationships with your advisor and fellow students.
當時間變得難以管理時，把這個項目分成許多更小的項目常常是個不錯的辦法。在投身于博士論文之前完成碩士研究生的項目常常是個不錯的注意（有些學校甚至規定如此）。碩士學習能給你更多的機會了解這一鄰域，做個更小的研究項目，建立與導師和同學的良好的工作關系。
The divide-and-conquer strategy works on a day-to-day level as well. Instead of writing an entire thesis, focus on the goal of writing a chapter, section, or outline. Instead of implementing a large system, break off pieces and implement one module at a time. Identify tasks that you can do in an hour or less; then you can come up with a realistic daily schedule. If you have doubts, don't let them stop you from accomplishing something -- take it one day at a time. Remember, every task you complete gets you closer to finishing.
“分散敵軍，逐一擊退”的戰略在平日工作也同樣有效。集中精力寫上一章，一節，甚至擬個草稿，也要比試圖完成一整篇論文要合適。把系統分成小份，每次只實現一個模塊，要比實現一個大系統要更合理。確認每項任務能在一小時內完成，這樣才能得到一個切實可行的日程規劃。如果你心存疑慮，別讓它們阻止你完成這件事，每天做一點。記住，你所完成的每個小任務，都讓你離終點更近。
分析化學 儀器分析 紅外光譜
