ASTM E521-23由美國材料與試驗協會 US-ASTM 發布于 2023-06-01。
ASTM E521-23在國際標準分類中歸屬于: 27.120.10 反應堆工程。
1.1 This practice provides guidance on performing chargedparticle irradiations of metals and alloys, although many of the methods may also be applied to ceramic materials. It is generally confined to studies of microstructural and microchemical changes induced by ions of low-penetrating power that come to rest in the specimen. Density changes can be measured directly and changes in other properties can be inferred. This information can be used to estimate similar changes that would result from neutron irradiation. More generally, this information is of value in deducing the fundamental mechanisms of radiation damage for a wide range of materials and irradiation conditions. 1.2 Where it appears, the word “simulation” should be understood to imply an approximation of the relevant neutron irradiation environment for the purpose of elucidating damage mechanisms. The degree of conformity can range from poor to nearly exact. The intent is to produce a correspondence between one or more aspects of the neutron and chargedparticle irradiations such that fundamental relationships are established between irradiation or material parameters and the material response. 1.3 The practice appears as follows: Section Apparatus 4 Specimen Preparation 5 – 10 Irradiation Techniques (including Helium Injection) 11 – 12 Damage Calculations 13 Postirradiation Examination 14 – 16 Reporting of Results 17 Correlation and Interpretation 18 – 22 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
簡單來說,高能粒子對材料的輻照產生一系列缺陷的過程稱為輻照損傷,這些缺陷對材料組織和性能的影響稱為輻照效應。對輻照效應的研究涉及多個領域,其中最緊密相關的,也是最主要的應用,就是核電事業的發展,尤其是核聚變發電站的建設。被稱為“人造太陽”的ITER計劃是當今世界引人注目的國際項目,它將利用氫核聚變反應產生的巨大能量為全世界提供“無限”的電力。...
論文鏈接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29162-2核系統中的材料,必須能夠承受高能電子、中子和離子的高劑量輻射。輻照作用下,材料產生了大量的自填隙和空位等點缺陷,這些點缺陷在材料中不斷累積形成了填隙團簇、堆垛斷層四面體和空洞。這些缺陷會導致材料膨脹、硬化、非晶化和脆化,最終導致材料失效。有報道稱,晶界可以幫助抵抗輻射損傷。...
核裂變和聚變反應堆中的結構材料必須承受高溫、中子輻照損傷和(n,α)嬗變反應產生的氦氣。氦(He)與輻射損傷的協同效應會導致結構材料的機械性能發生一定的退化,影響核反應堆的安全。氦氣在輻照材料中會導致低溫硬化、空腔膨脹和高溫晶界脆化,它們最終決定了大多數材料的工作溫度和服役時間限制。有人提出,通過增加He捕獲點的數量來控制氣泡大小或將He與晶界隔離,可以減輕這些負面影響。...
點擊藍字,關注我們眾所周知,腫瘤放射治療是一種重要的抗癌手段。在放療的實施過程中,腫瘤周圍的正常組織也難免會受到輻射的損傷,進而導致不同程度的放療副作用。其中,正常腸道組織在受到輻射損傷后,可導致消化系統功能障礙、梗阻、穿孔、感染等不良反應,嚴重影響放療進程和患者的生存質量。此外,由于放療輻照范圍因人而異,腸道組織長度長、體積大,全面的腸道輻射防護往往難以實現。...
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