學術論文寫作注意點
一．時態
☆ 當提到本文、此圖、此表等說明了、表達了什么時要用一般現在時，而不用一般過去時。
This paper describes ……
The focus of this paper is ……
Figure 1 shows ……
Most of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1.
二．數
☆ 在學術論文里，有是很難顧及數上的邏輯。但一般不將邏輯上的問題視為語法錯誤。只須注意在一個句子中的數和謂語動詞的統一即可。
單、復數的選用有一些非定性、但可供參考的趨向：
◆ 當含意上強調復數時建議用復數。
The catalyst concentrations for the different reactions are different.
Our research focuses on the syntheses and characterizations of a series of polycarbonates with different chemical structures.
The physical and chemical properties of this compound have been studied.
The chain lengths of the oligomers with different molecular weights are different.
當含意上不強調復數時可用單數或復數。
Our research focuses on the synthesis of polycarbonates.
The property of the compounds in group 1 is different from the property of the compounds in group 2.
The chain length of the oligomers increases with increasing reaction time.
◆ 在標題、小標題中 或 描述一類事物、現象等時：當提到具體物質時常用復數。
2-1 Polyesters
Polymers are macromolecules built up by large numbers of small
molecules. The small molecules which combine with each other to form.
polymer molecules are termed monomers.
在標題、小標題中 或 描述一類事物、現象等時：當提到抽象概念時可用單數、也可用復數。
2-11 Step Copolymerization
2-12 Newer Types of Step Polymerizations
This chapter will consider the characteristics of step polymerization in detail.
☆ 學術論文、有關學術的科普文章中的名詞的可數或不可數特性的劃分區別于非學術文章。
以下是在學術文章中通常視為可數名詞的單詞：
application development consideration
composition concentration distribution
structure length weight
☆ 當同時提及幾個圖、表、方程式時要用復數（分別單個地提及則不用）：
The reaction rate constant can be calculated from Equations 2 and 3.
The reaction rate constant can be calculated from Equation 2 and Equation 3.
Figs. 4 and 5 show ……
三．冠詞
☆ 單數名詞前一般要加冠詞：a , the等； 但以下情況可不加：
表示不特指的、較抽象的概念：
This chapter will consider the characteristics of step polymerization in detail.
An understanding of the relative ease of cyclization or linear polymerization comes from a variety of sources.
Different polymers are synthesized to yield various mechanical
behaviors by the appropriate combinations of crystallinity,
crosslinking, Tg, and Tm.
但需注意這些單詞前加冠詞也是經常見到的，這是由它在句中的含義決定的：
Polyisoprene is a typical elastomer – it is amorphous, easily crossed, has a low Tg (-73°C) and a high Tm (14°C).
☆ 目錄、標題中通常省略冠詞：
1. Introduction
1-1 Types of Polymers and Polymerizations
…
1-4 Molecular Weight
1-5 Physical State
圖、表的題目中有時可省略冠詞：
Fig. 2-2 Second order plot of the self-catalyzed polyesterification of adipic acid with diethylene glycol at 166 °C.
Fig. 8 Dependence of the ease of cyclization on the size of the ring.
☆ 具體的
化學藥品、化學物質前通常不加冠詞：
The polymerization is catalyzed by protonic or lewis acids although a
wide variety of base catalysts such as calcium acetate and antimony
trioxide can also be used.
☆ 圖中的橫、縱坐標的名稱前不加冠詞：
四．大、小寫：
☆ 請注意以下結構的大、小寫：
當提及具體第幾章、節；圖、表；方程式時，首個字母通常要大寫：
As discussed in Chapter 2, ……
In Section 1.2, we ……
As shown in Figure 1, ……
The results are listed in Table 3.
當不指明是第幾章、節；圖、表；方程式時，首個字母如在句中通常用小寫：
In the previous chapter, ……
As shown in this figure, ……
五．縮寫：
以下全名和縮寫在文中通常視為同等，可以互換。
Figure Fig. Figures Figs.
Table Tab.
Chapter Chap.
Section Sec.
Equation Eq. Equations Eqs.
六．一些常用詞匯的用法
☆ research, study, investigate
research可做名詞、動詞，但通常做名詞用，很少見到動詞的用法。句中需要動詞時常用study或investigate來表達。
☆ detail/detailed
The properties of this compound were studied in detail.
The detailed properties of this compound were studied.
The details of the properties of this compound were studied.
☆ follows/following
The results are as follows: ……
We got following results: ……
☆ increase, decrease
increase, decrease 均可做名詞和動詞：
We can observe an increase in the reaction rate.
The reaction rate increases.
☆ focus, concentrate
focus: n. , v.
The focus of this paper is ……
This paper focuses on ……
Our study focuses on ……
We focus our study on ……
Our study is focused on ……
concentrate: v.
We concentrate our study on ……
Our study is concentrated on ……
☆ effect, affect
effect: n.
affect: v.
☆ compose, consist
A is composed of B and C.
A consists of B and C.
☆ increase, improve
increase: 主要指數值上的增加。
improve: 主要指性質的增加、改善。
七．名詞做修飾
在學術文章中，很多時候會用到直接用名詞做修飾，而不用’s 或 …… of …… 的形式。常見的這類詞有：
reaction rate reaction rate constant reaction temperature reaction condition
molecular weight distribution
八．分詞做修飾
the reaction we studied
the temperature used
the nonlinearity observed
九．所有格
非人的所有格用……of……, 而不用……’s 。
