英文文獻不好讀,篇幅長、語言習慣不同,明明單詞都認識(至少可通過醫學詞典認識),但有時卻還是看不懂、看了后面,忘了前面、無法抓住要點。
抓住要點的"捷徑",看圖表!
大家常常忽略圖表,其實圖表常常是要點,也很簡明扼要的表達了需要很多篇幅文字才能表達的信息,你可以用很短的時間理解作者表達的內容以及作者文字未寫出來但通過圖表可以發現的內容。
文獻首先看abstract,有興趣的或是覺得有用的才看全文,全文就其目的不同閱讀的方法也有差異,一般的就看introduction和discussion,introduction從中可以了解他立體的一些背景,然后迅速掃描有哪些技術,then立即跳到discussion中,看其如何解釋data的。
論文的命題(假說)是什么?什么背景?
1、論文主要解決的問題是什么?
2、這個問題重要嗎?為什么? 我為什么要讀這篇文獻?是否有人做過?自己會怎么設計方法來解決?
3、A 通過圖表,你會得到什么結論?
B 圖表說明什么問題?能否說明該問題
自己要得到這張圖會用什么方法?
作者用的是什么方法?
C你能夠重新畫出這張圖,用自己的語言表達嗎?
4、作者采用什么方法來解決這個問題?假設是什么?理論依據是什么?這些方法是否符合論證命題的需要?通過這個方法,你覺得大概能得到怎樣的結果?是否有能得到更好結果的方法或更加簡單的方法?他為什么這樣設計試驗?是怎么想到的?有什么創新?你為什么沒有想到?
5、A這些設計能否滿足需要?為什么?這種方法有什么缺陷或進一步需要闡明的地方?
結果分析統計方法有什么缺陷
B這些試驗是如何組織起來的,之間的邏輯關系是什么?每項試驗都有什么意義?哪些是
必要的?哪些是不必要的?
C如果是我得到這樣的結果,我會得到什么結論?
6、A 文章的結論是什么?和你想的差異在哪里?
B 結論可靠性如何?對原來的結論有什么支持或變化? 你如何評價?
C 討論中是如何從已知的知識得到結論的
7、A試驗結果是否支持文章的結論、問題、設計、方法和討論的邏輯關系是什么,作者是如何達到目的的?有哪些哲學思想和技巧?
B 還有哪些不確定采用的是推測的地方?為什么不確定?我能否進一步確定?
C 文章是如何描述結果、如何解析圖表趨勢,論據如何組合,如何表達自己的觀點?
8、和同類文獻,有什么共同點和不同點?
9、和以前的文獻,作者思路上有什么變化,下一步是什么?我能否有進一步改進或者加入?
10、別人還有哪些地方沒做?要是我接著此方向繼續做,哪些是在我所在工作條件下可以做的,哪些必須要做,哪些別人肯定比我做得更好更快?
看文章一定不是把一篇一篇的通吃
而是每次根據自己的目的看一批內容相似文章所需的部分。需要強調的是,每次看文章要緊扣你這次看文章的目的,這樣才能達到比較高的效率。看作者的Idea是如何構思的?如果要試驗設計,就看作者是如何證明的;要具體的試驗方法,就只研究操作;要了解進展,只看結論……
通篇全吃,一是不大可能,二是比較盲目,所以看文章和搜文章一樣,切忌貪多,以少量多次為原則,達到目的“見好就收”。
帶著問題去看,從作者的角度去看,一可以很好抓住中心,二可克服厭倦心理(可開動腦筋)。
要根據自己的科研目的,挑選各類有代表的幾篇進行“精讀”,這時可以采用提問題的方法,建立利用endnote整理文獻,并做筆記
一般來說,先看標題,文章雜志的影響因子。再看摘要,圖片,如果有價值再看討論。
先看標題,文章雜志的影響因子可以大致確定這片文章的意義已經與自己想要的內容的大致關系。影響因子高一些,作者會提出一些建設性的想法以及推論,有時候就可以撞擊你的思路出現靈感。看摘要可以進一步確定文章內容和你的課題的相關性。看圖片可以更快讓你理解文章結果所要表達的內容。
To work on an important problem. To do a great
research.
At the beginning of my research, I tried to read as many
papers as possible and tried to get all details of papers. After several weeks I
was got stuck. There are so many papers and so many topics and some many
problems. I did not know what I should read more and what I should focus on. In
fact, I found that I did not know how to do research. My most urgent problem was
to learn how to read papers. Then I spent two days to learn it. I searched on
the website and got lots of good advices on this topic. I appricated all the
help to me. These suggestions from different people have different emphasis.
According to my understanding of these suggestions, I summarised these ideas and
listed them as following to guide my ongoing research.
Whenever reading, always keep in mind "Know what you want, and
then get it and no more".
- It is better to keep your own mind free and to not let the
thinking of others interfere with your own free thinking.
- You need to keep up more to find out what the problems are
than to read to find the solutions.
- The reading is necessary to know what is going on and what
is possible. But reading to get the solutions does not be the way to do great
research.
- Don't give yourself very much time. "figure out what this
paper's about" within the 30 minutes. Just do it; you will figure it out. Just
imagine you're a reviewer whose plane is landing in twenty minutes, and you have
to decide whether this paper is crappy or good!
Pass One: What's the point? (5 minutes)
1. Read title carefully and think what I will do under this
title if I was the author for 5 minutes.
2. Read abstract, skim section headlines, introduction and
conclusion.
--> Answer the following questions:
1. What's the problem?
2. What is the benefit to solve this problem?、
3. What have been done on the problem?
4. Why are others' work inadequate?
5. What is the authers' solutions? Under what
assumptions?
6. Why is his/her solution better than others? What's the
limitation?
Pass Two: What's the evidence? (15 minutes) only when you
believe it deserves a carefully reading
Whenever reading the details, always keep in mind "Do NOT miss
the BIG picture". Don't assume that understanding each phrase will enable you to
understand the whole idea.
--> Answer the following questions:
1. What's the new solution?
2. How does the author evaluate the solution in terms of
argument or an experiment/simulation?
3. Does the conclusion follow logically from the
observations?
4. Do I think it is true? Can I convice someone else that it
is true?
5. Is there any more conclusion or alternative
conclusion?
6. Does the conclusion still hold for some special
cases?
7. How should the work be followed up by the author? by
myself?
Pass three: Make the idea your own.(10 minutes)
Reflect on the paper. Follow the idea back to its origin and
rediscover it for yourself. Skim the paper back and forth if
necessary.
1. Write down a outline in your own words in 3-5
sentences.
2. How do you apply their approach to your own
work?
3. Write down your questions when you go along.