ASTM E2281-15
過程能力和性能測量的標準實施規程
Standard Practice for Process Capability and Performance Measurement
ASTM E2281-15 發布歷史
ASTM E2281-15由美國材料與試驗協會 US-ASTM 發布于 2015。
ASTM E2281-15在國際標準分類中歸屬于: 25.040.40 工業過程的測量和控制。
ASTM E2281-15 過程能力和性能測量的標準實施規程的最新版本是哪一版？
最新版本是 ASTM E2281-15(2020) 。
ASTM E2281-15 發布之時，引用了標準
- ASTM E2334 當樣品中有零響應時 使用屬性數據設置不符合項的分數或數量或不符合項發生率的置信上限的標準實施規程
- ASTM E456 統計學名詞及相關術語
ASTM E2281-15的歷代版本如下：
- 2020年 ASTM E2281-15(2020) 過程能力和性能測量的標準實踐
- 2015年 ASTM E2281-15 過程能力和性能測量的標準實施規程
- 2008年 ASTM E2281-08a(2012)e1 過程和測量能力指數的標準實施規程
- 2008年 ASTM E2281-08a 能力指數處理和測量的標準實施規程
- 2008年 ASTM E2281-08 過程能力和性能測量的標準實踐
- 2003年 ASTM E2281-03e1 工藝和測量能力指數的標準規程
- 2003年 ASTM E2281-03 工藝和測量能力指數的標準規程
4.1 Process Capability—Process capability can be defined as the natural or inherent behavior of a stable process that is in a state of statistical control (1).4 A “state of statistical control” is achieved when the process exhibits no detectable patterns or trends, such that the variation seen in the data is believed to be random and inherent to the process. Process capability is linked to the use of control charts and the state of statistical control. A process must be studied to evaluate its state of control before evaluating process capability.
4.2 Process Control—There are many ways to implement control charts, but the most popular choice is to achieve a state of statistical control for the process under study. Special causes are identified by a set of rules based on probability theory. The process is investigated whenever the chart signals the occurrence of special causes. Taking appropriate actions to eliminate identified special causes and preventing their reappearance will ultimately obtain a state of statistical control. In this state, a minimum level of variation may be reached, which is referred to as common cause or inherent variation. For the purpose of this standard, this variation is a measure of the uniformity of process output, typically a product characteristic.
4.3 Process Capability Indices—The behavior of a process (as related to inherent variability) in the state of statistical control is used to describe its capability. To compare a process with customer requirements (or specifications), it is common practice to think of capability in terms of the proportion of the process output that is within product specifications or tolerances. The metric of this proportion is the percentage of the process spread used up by the specification. This comparison becomes the essence of all process capability measures. The manner in which these measures are calculated defines the different types of capability indices and their use. Two process capability indices are defined in 5.2 and 5.3. In practice, these indices are used to drive process improvement through continuous improvement efforts. These indices may be used to identify the need for management actions required to reduce common cause variation, compare products from different sources, and to compare processes.
4.4 Process Performance Indices—When a process is not in a state of statistical control, the process is subject to special cause variation, which can manifest itself in various ways on the process variability. Special causes can give rise to changes in the short-term variability of the process or can cause long-term shifts or drifts of the process mean. Special causes can also create transient shifts or spikes in the process mean. Even in such cases, there may be a need to assess the long-term variability of the process against customer specifications using process performance indices, which are defined in 6.2 and 6.3. These indices are similar to those for capability indices and differ only in the estimate of variability used in the cal......
- 標準號
- ASTM E2281-15
- 發布
- 2015年
- 發布單位
- 美國材料與試驗協會
- 替代標準
- ASTM E2281-15(2020)
- 當前最新
- ASTM E2281-15(2020)
- 引用標準
- ASTM E2334 ASTM E456