5.1 The primary objectives of work at low-level radioactive waste sites are the protection of personnel, prevention of the spread of contamination, minimization of additional wastes, protection of sample data quality, and the unconditional release of equipment used.
5.2 Preventing the contamination of equipment used at low-level radioactive waste sites and the decontamination of contaminated equipment are key aspects of achieving these goals.
5.3 This practice provides guidance in the planning of work to prevent contamination and when necessary, for the decontamination of equipment that has become contaminated. The benefits include:
5.3.1 Minimizing the spread of contamination within a site and preventing the spread outside of the work area.
5.3.2 Reducing the potential exposure of workers during the work and the subsequent decontamination of equipment.
5.3.3 Minimizing the amounts of additional wastes generated during the work, including liquid, or mixed wastes, including separation of the waste types, such as protective clothing, cleaning equipment, cleaning solutions, and protective wraps and drapes.
5.3.4 Improving the quality of sample data and reliability.
5.3.5 Selecting equipment based on total life-cycle costs counting labor, waste, containment, disposal, treatment, and additional analytical costs, such as using dedicated or disposable equipment rather than decontaminating between uses.
5.4 This practice may not be applicable to all low-level radioactive waste sites, such as sites containing low-level radioactive wastes mixed with chemical or reactive wastes. Field personnel, with assistance from trained radiological control professionals, should have the flexibility to modify the decontamination procedures with due consideration for the sampling objectives, or if past experience supports alternative procedures for contamination protection or decontamination.
5.5 This practice does not address the monitoring, protection, or decontamination of personnel working with low-level radioactive wastes.
5.6 This practice does not address regulatory requirements that may control or restrict work, the need for permits or regulatory approvals, or the accumulation, handling, or disposal of generated wastes.
5.7 This practice does not set the release levels for equipment that has been decontaminated. Release levels are to be determined in advance in the QA/QC planning process. Guidance for release limits can be found in the reference documents.
5.8 This practice does not address the regulatory requirements for the handling, labeling, shipping, or storage of wastes or samples.
4.2.7 操作放射性物質的工作人員應正確穿戴好所需的個人防護用品。不允許用裸露的手直接接觸放射性物質或進行污染物件操作。4.2.8 放射性操作之后應對工作臺、設備、地面及個人防護用品等進行表面污染檢查、清洗、去污。工作人員應進行淋浴。4.2.9 嚴禁在放射性工作場所進食、飲水、吸煙和存放食物。4.2.10 表面放射性物質污染控制水平按GB8703輻射防護規定的第3.1.4條執行。...
GB Z2工作場所有害因素職業接觸限值 GB 3095環境空氣質量標準 GB 3838地表水環境質量標準 GB 4915水泥工業大氣污染物排放標準 GB 5750生活飲用水衛生標準檢驗方法 GB 5085.3危險廢物鑒別標準浸出毒性鑒別 GB 6566建筑材料放射性核素限量 GB 6682分析實驗室用水規格和實驗方法 GB 8978污水綜合排放標準 GB 9078工業爐窯大氣污染物排放標準...
“放射性三廢”的處理放射性藥品使用后殘留和剩下部分被稱為放射性廢物。放射性廢物有固體、液體和氣體三種,故稱“放射性三廢”。“放射性三廢”處理不當會造成周圍環境的放射性污染,影響工作人員和周圍居民的健康。因而妥善處理“放射性三廢”是十分重要的。(1)固體廢物的處理主要采用放置法。被放射性藥物污染的固體物質應存在固定的指定地點并采用適當的屏蔽物加以防護,待其自然衰變后,當做非放射性廢物處理即可。...
12危險廢物的包裝物屬于危險廢物嗎含有或直接沾染危險廢物的廢棄包裝物、容器、清洗雜物屬于危險廢物在收集、貯存、運輸、處置危險廢物過程中所使用的裝載、盛放、堆置、輸送、容納或包裝過危險廢物的場所、設施、設備和容器、包裝物、裝置、運輸工具或其他物品,因直接與危險廢物接觸,受到了危險廢物的污染,成為具有危險性質的污染物。?...
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