生命細胞相關實驗方法詳情頁

生命細胞相關

關鍵詞： 生命細胞相關來源：互聯網

Word	Definition	Topic
active transport	the process by which dissolved molecules (solutes) move across a cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration	Life processes and cells
Aerobic respiration	respiration that requires oxygen	Life processes and cells
Anaerobic respiration	respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen	Life processes and cells
antibodies	proteins produced by the body's immune system that attack foreign invaders (antigens)	Life processes and cells
bacteria	single-celled micro-organisms, some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants. Singular is bacterium	Life processes and cells
bivalent	Having two chromosomes - one from the male gamete and one from the female gamete.	Life processes and cells
cell	Basic unit of life. Unicellular organisms only have one cell. Multicellular organisms have many cells.	Life processes and cells
chloroplasts	microscopic structures containing chlorophyl found in green plant cells where photosynthesis takes place	Life processes and cells
chloroplasts	tiny bodies found in plant cells which are green because they contain chlorophyll	Life processes and cells
chromatid	One of two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome	Life processes and cells
chromatids	Two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome	Life processes and cells
concentration gradient	a difference in concentration between two adjacent areas. Particles will move down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.	Life processes and cells
cytoplasm	the living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus)	Life processes and cells
dendrites	branch-like extensions of a neurone or nerve cell which receive impulses from other neurones	Life processes and cells
diffusion	The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration	Life processes and cells
epidermis	the outer protective layer of the skin	Life processes and cells
genes	basic units of genetic material that are inherited from our parents.	Life processes and cells
haemoglobin	the red protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen round the body	Life processes and cells
ileum	the longest part of the small intestine, where food is completely digested.	Life processes and cells
invaginates	during cell division, the squeezing-in of the cell membrane at the equator to separate daughter nuclei	Life processes and cells
invagination	a stage in cell division, in which the cell membrane pushes in at the equator to separate the two daughter nuclei	Life processes and cells
kinetic energy	energy produced through motion	Life processes and cells
membrane	a very thin layer of tissue	Life processes and cells
microscopic	extremely small; something which can only be seen through a microscope	Life processes and cells
mitochondria	structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where respiration takes place. Singular is mitochondrion	Life processes and cells
mitosis	A type of cell division which produces daughter cells identical to the parent.	Life processes and cells
molecules	a collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. The fundamental unit of compounds	Life processes and cells
multicellular	having more than one cell	Life processes and cells
nucleus	the center of a cell where genetic information is usually stored.	Life processes and cells
offspring	A new human, animal or plant that is created as a result of reproduction.	Life processes and cells
organ	Group of tissues doing a particular job between them, eg the heart.	Life processes and cells
organ system	Group of organs doing a particular job between them, eg the circulatory system.	Life processes and cells
organelle	Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell, eg the nucleus	Life processes and cells
organism	a living being - plant, animal, fungus or bacterium.	Life processes and cells
osmosis	the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane down a concentration gradient	Life processes and cells
partially permeable	allowing some particles to pass through but not others	Life processes and cells
photosynthesis	the chemical change that occurs in the leaves of green plants that uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Oxygen is produced as a by product of photosynthesis.	Life processes and cells
recombinant	DNA which has been exchanged between chromosomes during meiosis - part paternal genetic material, part maternal.	Life processes and cells
replication	Production of an identical copy.	Life processes and cells
spindle fibres	Fibres produced during cell division. They contract to drag chromatids to the poles of the cell.	Life processes and cells
tissue	Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job, eg the blood (a liquid tissue)	Life processes and cells
unicellular	having only one cell	Life processes and cells
vacuoles	a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap	Life processes and cells
valves	structures containing a flap or flaps to ensure one-way flow of liquid	Life processes and cells
villi	minute hair-like projections which cover the lining of the small intestine. They aid digestion by greatly enlarging the gut's surface area	Life processes and cells

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