綠色化學的12項原則(中文)
1.防止——防止產生廢棄物要比產生后再去處理和凈化好得多。
2.講原子經濟——應該設計這樣的合成程序，使反應過程中所用的物料能最大限度地進到終極產物中。
3.較少有危害性的合成反應出現——無論如何要使用可以行得通的方法，使得設計合成程序只選用或產出對人體或環境毒性很小最好無毒的物質。
4.設計要使所生成的化學產品是安全的——設計化學反應的生成物不僅具有所需的性能，還應具有最小的毒性。
5.溶劑和輔料是較安全的——盡量不同輔料(如溶劑或析出劑)，當不得已使用時，盡可能應是無害的。
6.設計中能量的使用要講效率——盡可能降低化學過程所需能量，還應考慮對環境和經濟的效益。合成程序盡可能在大氣環境的溫度和壓強下進行。
7.用可以回收的原料——只要技術上、經濟上是可行的，原料應能回收而不是使之變壞。
8.盡量減少派生物——應盡可能避免或減少多余的衍生反應(用于保護基團或取消保護和短暫改變物理、化學過程)，因為進行這些步驟需添加一些反應物同時也會產生廢棄物。
9.催化作用——催化劑(盡可能是具選擇性的)比符合化學計量數的反應物更占優勢。
10.要設計降解——按設計生產的生成物，當其有效作用完成后，可以分解為無害的降解產物，在環境中不繼續存在。
11.防止污染進程能進行實時分析——需要不斷發展分析方法，在實時分析、進程中監測，特別是對形成危害物質的控制上。
12.特別是從化學反應的安全上防止事故發生——在化學過程中，反應物(包括其特定形態)的選擇應著眼于使包括釋放、爆炸、著火等化學事故的可能性降至最低。
12 Principles of Green Chemistry
Prevent waste: Design chemical
syntheses to prevent waste, leaving no waste to treat or clean up.
Design safer chemicals and products: Design chemical products to be fully
effective, yet have little or no toxicity.
Design less hazardous chemical syntheses: Design syntheses to use and
generate substances with little or no toxicity to humans and the environment.
Use renewable feedstocks: Use raw materials and feedstocks that are renewable
rather than depleting. Renewable feedstocks are often made from agricultural
products or are the wastes of other processes; depleting feedstocks are made
from fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, or coal) or are mined.
Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents: Minimize waste by using catalytic
reactions. Catalysts are used in small amounts and can carry out a single
reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are
used in excess and work only once.
Avoid chemical derivatives: Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any
temporary modifications if possible. Derivatives use additional reagents and
generate waste.
Maximize atom economy: Design syntheses so that the final product contains
the maximum proportion of the starting materials. There should be few, if any,
wasted atoms.
Use safer solvents and reaction conditions: Avoid using solvents, separation
agents, or other auxiliary chemicals. If these chemicals are necessary, use
innocuous chemicals.
Increase energy efficiency: Run chemical reactions at ambient temperature and
pressure whenever possible.
Design chemicals and products to degrade after use: Design chemical products
to break down to innocuous substances after use so that they do not accumulate
in the environment.
Analyze in real time to prevent pollution: Include in-process real-time
monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate the formation
of byproducts.
Minimize the potential for accidents: Design chemicals and their forms
(solid, liquid, or gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents
including explosions, fires, and releases to the environment.
