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  • 北京是古今文化結合得最完美的城市

    4名華人當選2011年美國科學院新科院士(兼生物醫學領域點評)

    上一篇 / 下一篇  2011-05-05 11:52:28

      美國當地時間2011年5月3日中午2011年美國科學院院士增選結果揭曉,選出72名新院士和來自15個國家的18名外籍院士,繼2010年 3名華人科學家當選之后, 4名華人科學家今年當選。

      Xie, X. Sunney; Mallinckrodt Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

      謝曉亮,出身于化學世家,其父為北大化學與分子工程學院著名教授謝有暢。他1984年畢業于北大化學系、獲學士學位,并在本系繼續攻讀研究生。 1985年赴加州大學圣地亞哥分校攻讀博士,1990年獲博士學位后在芝加哥大學進行博士后研究,1992年起在美國太平洋西北國家實驗室工作,1999 年被聘為哈佛大學化學與生物系終身教授,是該校僅有的兩位中國大陸的終身教授之一。目前其研究重點是單分子光譜檢測及其在生命科學中的應用。謝教授曾獲美國物理學會的青年光譜學家獎、以色列總統獎等多項殊榮(轉自百度百科)

      值得關注的是謝教授2010組織在北京大學建立了生物動態光學成像中心(Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, BIOPIC),我的一個朋友加盟該中心擔任PI。

      Kung, Ching; Vilas Professor of Genetics and Molecular Biology, departments of genetics and molecular biology, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison

      研究微生物的信號傳導,主要是離子通道,實驗室中國人不少,看名字像是香港人

      Ye, Jun; NIST fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology; JILA fellow, JILA; and adjoint professor, department of physics, University of Colorado, Boulder

      不詳

      外籍院士

      Li, Jiayang; professor, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (People’s Republic of China)

      李家洋,植物分子遺傳學家,中國科學院院士,研究員。歷任中國科學院遺傳研究所所長助理、所長,遺傳與發育生物學研究所所長,中國科學院副院長。

      其他生物醫學領域值得關注的本土大牛如下 (按姓氏字母排名),其中不少HHMI研究員:

      Akil, Huda; co-director, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, and Gardner Quarton Distinguished University Professor of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

      令人尊敬的女神經科學家,主要貢獻是首次發現內源性鴉片肽的生理作用,曾經擔任全球最大神經學會the Society for Neuroscience主席

      Bartel, David P.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and professor of biology, department of biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

      作為年輕的HHMI研究員,主要貢獻發現microRNA和闡明其和功能和調控機制,其當選也順應目前的miRNA熱潮。 他的經典論文Bartel DP, “MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function,” Cell 116(2): 281-97, 23 January 2004按google檢索至今已被引5700次。

      Beaudet, Arthur L.; Henry and Emma Meyer Professor and chair, department of molecular and human genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston

      主要貢獻genomic imprinting

      Birchler, James A.; Curators’ Professor, division of biological sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia

      主要貢獻Drosophila and Maize genetics

      Buckley, Rebecca H.; J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and professor of immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.

      女免疫學家,78歲高齡當選為院士確實不容易

      Church, George M.; director, Lipper Center for Computational Genetics, and professor of genetics, department of genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston

      56歲,技術開發大師,1984年發明了第一個直接基因組測序方法direct genomic sequencing method ,后期又發明 molecular multiplexing and tags, homologous recombination methods和 DNA array synthesizers.

      Dietz, Harry C., III; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Victor A. McKusick Professor of Genetics and Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, departments of medicine, pediatrics, and molecular biology and genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore

      HHMI研究員,主要研究血管壁的發育,促進了對馬方綜合癥等心血管疾病的治療

      Goldberg, Michael E.; David Mahoney Professor of Brain and Behavior, and director, Mahoney Center for Mind and Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians, New York City

      主要研究認知神經科學,即將當選the Society for Neuroscience主席

      Gottschling, Daniel E.; full member, basic sciences division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle

      運用酵母為模型研究老化和腫瘤之間的關系

      Hawley, R. Scott; investigator, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Mo.

      染色體的同源重組等機制

      Heuser, John E.; professor of biophysics, department of cell biology and physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

      69歲,發明了quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy,對電鏡技術的發展有主要貢獻

      Hultgren, Scott J.; Helen L. Stoever Professor of Molecular Microbiology, and director, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

      研究致病菌浸入宿主的機制

      Jacobsen, Steven E.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and professor, department of molecular, cell, and developmental biology, University of California, Los Angeles

      HHMI研究員,用擬南芥為模型研究DNA甲基化

      Kingsley, David M.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and professor of developmental biology, department of developmental biology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

      HHMI研究員,研究脊椎動物骨骼發育和進化

      Kobilka, Brian K.; professor, departments of molecular and cellular physiology and medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

      突出貢獻在于鑒定出 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)的分子結構,GPCRs是非常重要的藥物靶點但是非常難得到其晶體結構 。有趣的是他于1987– 2003當選為HHMI研究員(一個聘期5年),后來沒有續聘(個人推測估計是工作當時沒得到HHMI評委的認可,不然誰也不愿放棄HHMI 對當選研究員每年雷打不動的巨額資助),不過其后來的貢獻得到公認,其鑒定的GPCR結構被列為Science雜志The runners-up for 2007′s Breakthrough of the Year

      Manley, James L.; Julian Clarence Levi Professor of Life Sciences, department of biological sciences, Columbia University, New York City

      研究基因表達調控,尤其是mRNA splicing

      Maquat, Lynne E.; J. Lowell Orbison Chair and professor of biochemistry and biophysics, department of biochemistry and biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.

      又一位女科學家,學校不是很出名,主要研究翻譯機制,尤其是nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)

      Mellman, Ira S.; vice president of research oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, Calif.

      發現endosome,在進入公司前任耶魯大學腫瘤中心主任,Journal of Cell Biology 主編 1999-2008

      Nathan, Carl F.; chairman, department of microbiology and immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City

      主要研究macrophages

      Nussenzweig, Michel C.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Sherman Fairchild Professor and senior physician, department of molecular immunology, Rockefeller University, New York City

      HHMI研究員,研究B lymphocytes and dendritic cells發育和功能

      Parada, Luis F.; professor and Diana K. and Richard C. Strauss Distinguished Chair in Developmental Biology, department of developmental biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas

      信號傳導,原癌基因在發育和腫瘤中的作用

      Warren, Stephen T.; William Patterson Timmie Professor and chair, department of human genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta

      主要研究fragile X syndrome 的遺傳學。The American Journal of Human Genetics主編1999-2005。 2004就當選為Institute of Medicine of the National Academies院士。

      新當選的外籍院士有兩個非常矚目,有炸藥獎潛質

      Hartl, Franz-Ulrich; director, department of cellular biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (Germany) ,

      發現蛋白質折疊中的分子伴侶chaperone(炸藥獎級別的重大發現)1998年當選為EMBO 會員

      Yamanaka, Shinya; senior investigator and L.K. Whittier Foundation Investigator in Stem Cell Biology, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco (Japan)

      2009年因發現誘導多能干細胞iPS獲得有小炸藥獎之譽的Lasker Basic Research Award,當選完全沒懸念

      總的來看生物醫學領域的院士有20多位,在總數(一共72)上占絕對優勢。從學科分類看,傳統學科遺傳學在今年當選的超多,包括中國的外籍院士也是植物遺傳學領域的,而腫瘤領域的很少,似乎和去年腫瘤領域當選的比較多有關(可以參考2010年院士點評博文)。


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